<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Sono un po’ sorpreso che dopo trenta
anni (anche qualcosa in più) di ricerche si sia ha scoperta la neuroimmunologia
nel 2018, anche considerando che in Italia hanno operato e/o operano alcuni dei
laboratori più quotati in assoluto</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Allora è vero che la ricerca
sull’autismo in Italia è in ritardo….</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Cordiali saluti</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">alberto panerai</span></p>
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<![endif]--><br /><br /><span>Il 28/10/18 11:36, <b class="name">Fondazione Marino </b> <fondazionemarino@gmail.com> ha scritto:</span><blockquote cite="mid:CADNXBzums=1-P9xSYBmR39jLvayT=dmnSKqh7aVk47Sc=vbUww@mail.gmail.com" class="iwcQuote" style="border-left: 1px solid #00F; padding-left: 13px; margin-left: 0;" type="cite"><div class="mimetype-multipart-mixed"><div dir="ltr"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%"> Autismo: Dove va la
ricerca scientifica?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">Abbiamo
combattuto una lunga battaglia per il riconoscimento della causa organica e da
questa ipotesi sono nate ricerche di biologia molecolare e di genetica che per
anni ci hanno aggiornato su un numero sempre crescente di geni modificati cui
si attribuisce la causa dell’autismo. Parimenti l’indagine epidemiologica ci
spiega che da 1-2 su 10.000 del 1995 si è passati nel 2017 ad 1su 60 nati.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">La
spiegazione di questa esplosione, salvo la migliore accuratezza diagnostica e
la emersione dei casi nascosti, è dovuta ai fattori epigenetici che si
aggiungono alla “causa madre” del difetto genetico come fattore evolutivo o
ereditario. Con questa ipotesi risulta evidente la preponderanza del fattore
epigenetico che si somma su una base genetica costante e comune in ogni
popolazione.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">Mi sono
sempre meravigliato però che, da questa ipotesi, l’incidenza crescente
dell’autismo si sia mantenuta costante sia nei riguardi del rapporto
maschio/femmina che in ogni territorio. E’ una contraddizione se si prende atto
che i fattori epigenetici variano grandemente per tipo di ambiente,
esposizione, ecc, ecc, fino ad includere il benessere socio economico della
comunità di riferimento. Non mi risulta che la comunità scientifica si sia mai
applicata per approfondire questa contraddizione che certamente individua i
difetti genetici alla base dell’autismo, ma non necessariamente la causa che li
scatena.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">Forse che la
comunità scientifica che si occupa di questa materia non ha la giusta
formazione? In fin dei conti gli esperti di autismo continuano sempre ad essere
identificati tra i professionisti che si prendono carico del percorso assistenziale
ed educativo. Se così fosse sarebbe un grave limite al progresso della
conoscenza.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">In ogni
caso, da genitore, non ho mai fatto il tifo per la ipotesi genetica come causa,
semplicemente perché la complessità di “aggiustare” oltre 100 geni coinvolti rende
impossibile la soluzione del problema e penso che le risorse impiegate su
questo filone di ricerca sono in gran parte sprecate.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">Invito a
leggere qualche libro che invece si occupa di una nuova disciplina, la
Neuroimmunologia.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">1-Structural
and Funnctional Features of Central Nervous System Lymphatic Vessel </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">( Nature ,
vol 523 pp 337-341 , 16 /07/2015 )</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">2-
Multifaceted Interactions Between Adaptive Immunity and the Central Nervous
System ( Science vol 353 pp. 766-771
19/08/2016 )</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">3- Immune
System: The Seventh Sense ( Journal of Experimental Medicine del 16/01/2018)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">Un
interessante articolo di Jonathan Kipnis
pubblicato sulla rivista Le Scienze di questo mese riassume l’argomento:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">Si pensava
che il cervello ed il sistema immunitario esistono del tutto isolati l’uno
dall’altro. Il cervello è deputato al funzionamento del corpo mentre il sistema
immunitario a difenderlo. Ora si sa invece che i due organi interagiscono in
modo sistematico tanto che il sistema immunitario svolge perfino il ruolo di
aiutare il cervello ad affrontare lo stress in funzioni essenziali quali
l’apprendimento ed il comportamento sociale ed i ricercatori ipotizzano che
l’informazione immunologica influenza i circuiti del cervello in molte malattie
come l’autismo e l’Alzheimer.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">Si sono
studiate le componenti innate ed adattive dell’immunità. La immunità adattiva
consiste principalmente di cellule chiamate linfociti T e linfociti B che
riconoscono uno specifico agente patogeno ed organizzano un attacco mirato
contro di esso. Il problema è che l’uno per cento della popolazione immunitaria
adattiva perde il controllo e attacca cellule nei tessuti propri dell’individuo
causando malattie autoimmuni. Si ritiene cioè che la risposta infiammatoria sia
uno strumento impreciso che elimina gli elementi buoni insieme a quelli
cattivi. Per tutti gli altri tessuti
questo non è un problema ma il tessuto del snc ha una capacità di crescita
limitata e la risposta infiammatoria causerà un danno permanente. Infatti, i ricercatori hanno scoperto che i topi senza immunità adattiva
se la cavano male in compiti come l’apprendimento , la memoria spaziale e
comportamento sociale.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">C’è poi
tutta la trattazione del come il sistema immunitario sia presente nel snc e
come le citochine e l’interferone gamma modificano il comportamento del
cervello. Uno studio recente ( Gloria Choi del Mit ) ha dimostrato come la
citochina IL-17 interagisce con neuroni nella corteccia celebrale modificando i
comportamenti dei disturbi dello spettro autistico.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">Si tratta
certamente di studi ancora agli albori ma a me piace moltissimo pensare che il
sistema immunitario, essendo un bersaglio più accessibile ai farmaci rispetto
al snc, sia più facilmente riparabile per esempio con terapia genica o mediante
trapianto di midollo osseo che renderebbero più trattabili i disturbi
cerebrali. Raccomando perciò di assegnare i fondi necessari per la ricerca su
questa nuova disciplina molto promettente e di individuare gli istituti più
aggiornati da sostenere.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">Questa parte
è una sintesi di quello che ho letto e che mi affascina come ipotesi di
intervento risolutivo al problema ma mi rendo conto che per approfondire questi
concetti bisogna rivolgersi ad esperti che notoriamente, come dicevo, non fanno
parte della cerchia dei professionisti che si occupano di autismo e forse non
sono presenti nemmeno nella lista autismo- biologia. A questi ultimi però
chiedo di volere commentare ed anche correggere delle inesattezze che
certamente avrò potuto scrivere. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:104%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:104%">giovanni
marino </span></p><div><br /></div>-- <br /><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature" dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><font color="#0000ff">Abbraccia il nostro progetto..Dona il tuo 5 x 1000 alla Fondazione Marino per l'autismo ONLUS!</font><div><font color="#0000ff">Con il tuo contributo ci aiuterai a sostenere la mensa sociale " Locanda tre Chiavi" dove dal 2014 trovano occupazione i nostri ragazzi.</font></div><div><b><font color="#ff0000"><u>Il nostro codice fiscale è 02334640808</u></font></b></div><div><b><font color="#ff0000"><u><br /></u></font></b></div><div><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:13.3333px;text-align:justify"><font color="#000000">Le informazioni contenute nella presente comunicazione e i relativi allegati possono essere riservate e sono, comunque, destinate esclusivamente alle persone o alla Società sopraindicati. La diffusione, distribuzione e/o copiatura del documento trasmesso da parte di qualsiasi soggetto diverso dal destinatario è proibita, sia ai sensi dell’art. 616 c.p. , che ai sensi del Reg. CE 679/16. Se avete ricevuto questo messaggio per errore, vi preghiamo di distruggerlo e di informarci immediatamente.</font></span><b><font color="#ff0000"><u><br /></u></font></b></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<p></p><hr size="2" /><p>_______________________________________________<br />Lista di discussione autismo-biologia<br />autismo-biologia@autismo33.it<br />ANGSA (Associazione Nazionale Genitori Soggetti Autistici).<br />Fondazione Augusta Pini ed Istituto del Buon Pastore Onlus.<br />Per cancellarsi dalla lista inviare un messaggio a: valerio.mezzogori@autismo33.it</p></div></blockquote>